Teaching Disabilities And Academic Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are characterized by their diversity more than by any other factor. You can divide the disabilities into two categories: developmental learning disabilities and academic learning disabilities. Developmental learning disabilities are disabilities in functions that are considered needed for learning like attention, perception, memory, thinking (cognitive), and oral language. Attention applies to selective attention, ability to select and focus on relevant things, and sustained attention, the ability to maintain attention over time. Students who have undeveloped attention skills will have a difficult time learning effectively. Memory affects short and/or long-term memory and could be attributed to problems in storing and retrieving information on demand. Thinking can affect a learner’s ability to solve problems and store information. Lastly, oral language includes the ability to listen effectively and express themselves orally. Academic learning disabilities are problems in topics taught in school like math, reading, spelling, and writing. Eligibility for special education is considered by discrepancies that are found in oral expression, listening comprehension, written expression, basic reading skills, reading comprehension, math calculations, and math reasoning. IDEA changed it to where school districts are no longer required to take into account a severe discrepancy between ability and achievement. Congress is encouraging school districts to useShow MoreRelatedA Puzzling Paradox1462 Words   |  6 PagesAbby Suggs April 26, 2015 This writer was given an assignment of researching three questions related to learning disability. The three questions are: 1. what is a learning disability? 2. How do individuals with learning disabilities process information? and 3. What challenges are related to how these individuals process information? This writer has learned a lot about learning disability and special education all throughout this course, during this research, and during observation time in theRead MoreComparative Outcomes Of Two Instructional Models For Students With Learning Disabilities1488 Words   |  6 Pagesfor Students with Learning Disabilities: Inclusion with Co-Teaching and Solo-Taught Special Education. Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 251-258. Retrieved November 22, 2014. Summary In the following study researchers compared two instructional approaches; co-teaching inclusion and solo-taught special education for students with learning disabilities in regard to their overall academic achievement. Participants of the study included twelve inclusive/co-teaching classrooms, whichRead MoreThe Different Types Of Disabilities876 Words   |  4 Pages The different types of disabilities In today’s society, there are numerous of disabilities that people struggle with on a daily bases. These disabilities have to be address in academic environment, especially for children. In an academic environment educators have to be able to identify intellectual disabilities, autism, multiple disabilities, and design a curriculum that will help develop their learning skills.† As a matter of policy and mandate, meaningful literacy education must be providedRead MoreThe Selection Of Instructional Approaches For Students With Disabilities827 Words   |  4 Pages1. The selection of instructional approaches for students with disabilities will vary depending on the needs of individual students. Based on the articles you selected to read for this module, your own professional experience, and the information you’ve been collecting for your curriculum design project, develop your own personal comprehensive summary of what you believe to be best practice for curriculum and instruction in special education. Where does fidelity of implementation fall into your summaryRead MoreClassroom Behavior Management For African American Students1295 Words   |  6 PagesThe number of students being diagnosed with or suspected of having an Emotional/Behavioral disability is rapidly increasing, especially for African-American students and in students at younger ages. The U.S. Department of Education reports that an African American child is one and a half times more likely to be placed in a classroom for children with emotional disturbances than a White child (Children’s Defense Fund, 2011). I have observed that many of these students are often disengaged during literacyRead MoreIntegrated Co Teaching And Its Effects On Middle School Students1467 Words   |  6 PagesIntegrated Co-Teaching and its effects on Middle School Students Integrated Co-Teaching, also known as ICT, is an educational setting where students with disabilities learn alongside general education students. The ICT setting provides students the support of a special education teacher within the general education classroom. The goal of integrated co-teaching is to ensure that students with disabilities master grade level skills and concepts, while having their special education needs met.Read MoreChildren With Learning Disabilities Are Inherently At Risk876 Words   |  4 PagesChildren with learning disabilities are a population who are inherently at risk. They are at risk of not being able to utilize the presented curriculum, as their non-disabled peers do. They are also at risk of suffering from emotional stress and or low self-efficacy as they negotiate classrooms assignments and expectations. Our Exceptional Children text states that children with learning disabilities, â€Å"†¦ often struggle with reasoning, attention, memory, se lecting and focusing on relevant stimuliRead MorePhilosophy of Education985 Words   |  4 Pages where students with different disabilities fit in that foundation, a rationale for how we teach, and a principle that keeps us striving to be the best educators we can be. The purpose of this essay is to point out what I believe the foundation, student location, rationale, and principle are for why I want to become a teacher. Special Education Philosophy I believe every child is entitled to an education no matter what race, socio-economic status, or disability. No Child Left Behind (NCLB) ensuresRead MoreThe Benefits Of Responsive Teaching And Co-Teaching In Education905 Words   |  4 Pagesimplementation of building -level programs that designed efforts to support students with disabilities in mainstream classrooms. These studies were instrumental in the usage of co-teaching and collaborative strategies as integrative parts of educational support services. They were delivery models for students both with and without special needs and acted as the foundation for responsive classrooms project both social and academic advantages (U.V.C.S.E., 2016). The two studies revealed a significant researchRead MoreStudents With Intellectual Disabilities ( Id )1107 Words   |  5 PagesIntellectual Disabilities (ID) in a classroom setting. I had interviewed Ms. Chisolm (Special Education Teacher) for the Jersey City Public Schools District, wh o works with students of multiple disabilities. Intelligence disabilities (ID) mean the mental capabilities of a child’s knowledge and skills. Intellectual disability can be developed during childbirth or before the age of eighteen. It is imperative for me to know, â€Å"What are the characteristics of students with intellectual disabilities? Ms. Chisolm

Substance Abuse Within the Nursing Profession Essay

As Heise states, substance abuse among nurses a growing problem that is often overlooked by society. Addiction has been a problem in the nursing profession for over one hundred years (as cited in Monroe Kenaga, 2010). According to the American nurses association, it is speculated that 6%-8% of nurses have a drug or alcohol related problem (as cited in Trinkoff Storr, 1998). Substance abuse not only affects the individual abuser, but also can negatively impact those around them, most significantly their patients. Chemical dependence if often viewed as a lack of will power, but through education and research, this issue should be looked at as an actual disease. The education of nursing students is the first step in helping those with a†¦show more content†¦Clearly both behavioral and psychological factors can contribute to susceptible substance abuse, which also extends into the field of nursing. Talbert states that some signs and symptoms of nurses who are abusing substance s either on or off the job (2009). The symptoms are general and nonspecific. Many times those closest to them have no idea. Overtime the nurse will begin to exhibit symptoms. According to the DEA, symptoms include: â€Å"increased absenteeism, frequent disappearances from the department or unit, excessive amounts of time spent in the medication rooms or near medication carts, work performance alternates between high and low productivity, and inattention or poor judgment (as cited in Talbert, 2009). Other signs may include damaged relationships among colleagues, friends, and patients; heavy ‘wastage’ of drugs; personality changes, such as mood swings, anxiety, depression, and isolation; and increased concerns voiced by patients† (Talbert, 2009). The biggest problem with nurses who abuse is patient safety. Many times the patient’s medication is being replaced with saline or they are not getting their whole dose of medication, while the nurse is taking the re st. Talbert continues to explain the importance of other nurses observing their colleagues to identify these signs and symptoms. â€Å"Nursing departments frequently encourage and reinforceShow MoreRelatedSubstance Abuse During The Medical Profession1401 Words   |  6 PagesIn many places around the world substance abuse has become a frequent issue. Many people may not be aware of substance abuse in nurses, from prescription drugs to alcohol and even cigarettes. Abuse from nurses poses a new challenge to the profession due to their jobs as caretakers and their access to controlled substances. It is a perplexing thought that people whose profession is to care for other don’t do the same for themselves. Nurses do in fact have stressful jobs, however, it is certainly unexpectedRead MoreSubstance Abuse During The Medical Profession1512 Words   |  7 PagesIn many places around the world, substance abuse has become a frequent issue. Many people may not be aware of substance a buse in nurses, from prescription drugs to alcohol and even cigarettes. Abuse from nurses poses a new challenge to the profession due to their jobs as caretakers and their access to controlled substances. It is a perplexing thought that people whose profession is to care for other don’t do the same for themselves. Nurses do in fact have stressful jobs, however, it is certainlyRead MorePeer Assistance Programs for Nurses 1482 Words   |  6 PagesSubstance abuse among health care professionals is an issue that is continually gaining more attention due to the harmful affects it can have individuals as well as the patients. Substance abuse can greatly hinder the ability to provide quality care and if left unchecked could lead to serious implications within the health care facility. There are a significant amount of nurses and health care providers that deal with substance abuse problems. At one point, it was estimated, that 2-3%, of allRead MoreSubstance Abuse and Chemical D ependency1703 Words   |  7 Pageswebsite, Substance abuse is used to describe a pattern of substance (drug) use leading to significant problems or distress such as failure to attend work/school, substance use in dangerous situations (driving a car), substance-related legal problems, or continued substance use that interferes with friendships and or family relationships. Substance abuse, as a disorder, refers to the abuse of illegal substances or the abusive use of legal substances. Alcohol is the most common legal drug of abuse. ChemicalRead MoreSubstance Abuse Is An Ever Growing Problem1510 Words   |  7 PagesWhy has substance abuse in the field of nursing been on the rise for the past 100 years? Could it be because of the high levels of stress along with the incredible toll working in the field of nursing takes on the body? Several different reasoning’s have been brought forth throughout the years, but nothing changes the fact that this is an increasing problem that has to be dealt with within the profession. â€Å"Addiction among nurses has been recognized by professionals in the field for over 100 yearsRead MoreNurses with Addiction1024 Words   |  5 PagesNursing is one of the most stressful careers in healthcare. Long hours of direct patient care take its toll emotionally and physically. While the profession is rewarding for most, the constant stress can become a catalyst for all kinds of self damaging behaviors. The American Nurses Association estimates between ten and twenty percent of nurses will abuse drugs within the workplace at some point during his/her career (ANA, 2002). This percentage is similar to that of substance abusers withinRead MoreAn Ethical Issue in the Nursing Profession: Case Analysis1806 Words   |  7 Pagesnurses you are working with is under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Discuss this professional and ethical issue and what you will do. In the nursing profession, likewise in any other medical profession, clinical experience has always and will always be integrated into the core teachings of nursing practices. This really prepares the nursing students to distinguish between the major differences in theoretical teaching, devoid of critical think and practical situations that require the studentRead MoreMy Experience At A Young Age996 Words   |  4 Pagesvolunteering at nursing homes, and working with friends to do constructive projects around the community. During my teenage years I was well-known for my loving spirit and compassion for people. I was a problem solver and as well the go to person for family and friends. This passion continued throughout my teenage years, as I volunteered at the Department of Veterans Affairs, assisting disable vets. By the time of adulthood, my love for people and quest to help had become my profession. While attendingRead More Job Requirements of an Addiction Counselor Essay1007 Wor ds   |  5 PagesThe job of an addiction counselor specializing in, but not limiting my choice to substance abuse is the job profession I have chosen. The opportunities for this field are very open in my area of the country and throughout the Unites States. The counselors that work within range of me are very busy, and have little time to offer to a person in training. I was able to arrange an email interview with a particular counselor working at a rehabilitation facility for alcoholics and drug addicts. His jobRead MoreRelationship Between Nursing Profession With Scholarship, Praxis, And Evidence Based Practice971 Words   |  4 Pagesrelationship between nursing profession with scholarship, praxis, and evidence-based practice to improve quality of care for individuals and their respective societies. The Oxford English dictionary defined scholarship as the attainments of a scholar, learning, and erudition in a person (Scholarship, 2016). Scholarship is a noun of academic study or achievement, learning at a higher level. Scholarship in nursing has become an essential part of our professional evolution. Professional nursing practice at

Community Observation free essay sample

I acknowledge the people who helped me to finish my Field Study: I acknowledge my parents who supported and had given me all the love and care I need especially on my studies. I acknowledge also some of my friends, who helped me to make this portfolio, I also acknowledge our teacher in FS1, Mrs. Ma. Liberty B. Doncillo for all the guidance for this project. And most importantly, to Our Almighty Father who gives me strength and courage every day. Mindanao University of Science and Technology Oroquieta Campus Mobod, I like to teach in the school i had just observed because it is very comfortable for the learners to learn and it has the learning materials for their studies. OCCES is conducive to learning since it offers complete facilities for the development of its students. The kind of classroom that is conducive to learning is a classroom wherein their where things that could help learning to take its place. We will write a custom essay sample on Community Observation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the future I would love to have a classroom which is conducive to learning in a way that I should provide learning materials which enable the students to learn. And I can accomplish this by applying what I have learned; maintaining classroom cleanliness and make colorful visuals to catch the attention of my students. While I am observing the class, I am really amazed since the effectiveness of teacher will not depend on the teacher itself but also with environment it take place. Episode 2 Learner’s Characteristics and Needs Analysis Level | Salient Characteristic Observed| Implications To Teaching- Learning Process| Elementary | Elementary pupils are fond on playing games and they love to sing too. Therefore the teacher should used games and even action song so that could catch the attention of the pupils. He/she must use strategies such singing to awake the students. | Reflections When I observing the learners I had recall my own experience when I was at their age, the similarities that I have with the students is that being playful and being cooperative also. And at their age I am also dependent on my parents. The teacher that I can not forget for the positive reasons is my teacher in high school. She helped me with my needs especially in my physical and emotional problem. My favorite theory of development is the physical theory of development. This can guide me by exerting major effort on teaching them based on their physical and cognitive needs. Episode 3 Classroom Management and Learning Analysis The classroom organization and routines affects the student’s behavior in a way that this will serve as their guide in fulfilling their task every day. The teacher should have in mind that in designing classroom organization and routines that the students can understand what are these routines and this organization will help them to be better in their studies. The behavior strategies that were effective in managing the behavior of the learners were the analytical abilities, creative abilities and practical abilities. They were effective because it is based on their logical reasoning, and common sense. Reflections The grade level that I want to teach in the future is Grade V since they were more organized and they can easily understand rules. Students must be part in designing the routines since this will fit to their needs. And it would be easy for them to follow since they know it. The rules that I want to impose in my future class are as follows: * Speak English inside the class And never cheat The learners should be involved in making the class rules so that the students will be aware in those rules. And also they can express their own will. Episode 4 Individual Differences and Learner’s Interaction (focusing on differences in gender, racial, religious backgrounds) Analysis There are persons who play important role in the relatio nship and interactions in the classrooms. There is somebody who appears to be a leader, a joker, and attention seeker. The students that are coming from a minority group are accepted by the others. This is shown through communication and getting to know each other and they treat them well. The teacher influences the class interaction considering the individual differences of the students by showing to them that their treated fairly and they were teach well. The teacher also helps the learner to cope with other classmates and friends. The gender and age influence the grouping of learners outside the classroom. I had mostly seen peers with the same sex and of same age. They like to join in peers whom they comfortable to stay with. Reflections Being in the classroom I feel the oneness and unity among the learners. I feel that they were helping each other. In the future I want that my learners will be united in a way that they could feel free to ask questions and they would feel that they are part of me. Soon I will treat equally my students regardless of religious, ethnic or racial background. Their questions must be entertained also so that frustrations among learners may not appear Episode 5 Individual Differences and Learner’s Interaction (focusing on different levels of abilities) Analysis I was able to correctly identify the students who performed well in the class. These students were those who actively participate in classroom discussion. They can directly comprehend and they can follow instructions easily. There was an average gap between the learner’s abilities among the high achievers and the slow one. The teacher uses systematic methods in dealing with the students she gives remedial time for reading and comprehension. The students try to respond it positively to the best of their ability, Reflections When I was in my elementary years our teacher gives more time on teaching those students who were slow learners. She tries to do something better for them to understand our lessons.

Happiness Enough Already Essay Example

Happiness Enough Already Essay Teddy Murray Brent Jackson English 5 March, 2015 Happiness: Enough Already In respects to being a popular work, I personally find Sharon Burgles article, Happiness: Enough Already, to be rather good. Firstly, this article is easy and interesting to read. Secondly, it contains the points of views of different authors. And thirdly, its information is generic enough to be relative to almost everyones life. Barleys article is structured logically and is worded clearly to the audience. One does not feel bored while reading this piece. The author does a erroneous job capturing the readers attention throughout the article. However, being a popular article, the author does include very specific words that would be difficult for a reader to understand if he or she was not educated in the topic this article covers. But these words are well explained, which do make the article less scientific and more pleasurable to read. In my opinion, good article is based on the inclusion of multiple researchers and sources. This article does this by acquainting the reader to multiple authors and their works (De Dinner of Rethinking Happiness, Eric Willows Against Happiness, and many more). I also thought this article was well done because of the insightful message it conveys. The article explains that people must feel sad or melancholic sometimes in order to experience all aspects of human emotion, which benefits ones quality of life. Being sad teaches people how to survive, makes them stronger and generally hardier. Moreover, the author captures the readers attention by pointing out evidence that suggests people who feel some kind of discontent are more ambitious and tend to be more eager to change their life for the better by pursuing their goals. We will write a custom essay sample on Happiness Enough Already specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Happiness Enough Already specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Happiness Enough Already specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The author notes how most artists created their masterpieces in the period of melancholy. Sadness can be named the muse of art. Best poems are written because of unrequited love; the most significant ideas came to those who were on the edge. I believe that everyone will find the information in this article to be useful and relatable. American society is oriented in all the aspects of life. People are used to seeking happiness for themselves and for others, but sometimes people are placed in situations where unhappiness is necessary and natural. And this article does a great job expressing that fact. However, this article does have a downside-?the entire thing is extremely negative. I found the authors criticism of positive psychology and of the salesmen to be rather unfair. In my mind, positive psychology does a lot for understanding the well being of others, and think it deserves more respect than what the article gives. Furthermore, the whole spirit of the article is too dismal. The fault in this article is that there are no positive promises to the audience, which might lead some to choose overall sadness for his or her life. In fact, one might even find themselves rather sad themselves from just reading it.

Mall Preferences Essay Essay Example

Mall Preferences Essay Essay Example Mall Preferences Essay Essay Mall Preferences Essay Essay Mall Attractiveness and Shopping Preferences is a survey conducted to happen out what variables attract shoppers to a promenade. their penchants and how mall operators should see this important analysis to implement an effectual scheme to place their scheme. The survey involved five major shopping promenades in Davao City: SM City Davao. NCCC promenade of Davao. Gaisano Mall of Davao. Gaisano South City Mall and Victoria Plaza. Factor analysis is applied for this survey and complimented by a bunch analysis of the demographic features of the respondents. The respondents composed of promenade shoppers who were every bit apportioned across the promenades and clustered harmonizing to categorizations: Traditional shoppers. Finish Shoppers and Enthusiastic shoppers. The consequence of the survey reveals that SM City of Davao is good positioned in pulling shoppers. the promenade is favored by clients in footings of promenade statics. service. publicity and amusement. SM is followed closely by NCCC promenade of Davao and Gaisano Mall of Davao. while Gaisano South City promenade and Victoria Plaza were far behind in their market placement and viability. Ever since its being. shopping malls become the built-in portion of the shoppers’ life style because of the convenience. amusement and products’ handiness it offers to the consumers. no uncertainty. these constitutions helped heighten the daily life of the people. With several promenades mushroomed in the metropolis in recent old ages. people have given broad picks based on their demands and leisure like where to pass clip adhering with friends and love 1s and where to shop. Promenade operators. due to stiff competitions. must make up ones mind what positioning schemes they would implement to entice consumers and travel in front with their rivals. In this survey. which factor analysis is applied. promenade operators were given an thought what are the important factors that drive shoppers to a shopping promenade. The respondents of this survey. which were exhaustively clustered into three classs. stand for all the socioeconomic categories of the society. which is really specific for the survey to hold an accurate consequence in placing shoppers’ penchants on what promenade attributes they will be easy attracted. The survey. which revealed SM City of Davao as the most preferable followed by NCC promenade of Davao and Gaisano promenade of Davao. Tells exactly the existent and existent sentiments of shoppers in the metropolis on where they would desire to travel to for pleasance and for shopping activities. I do agree with the consequence that Gaisano promenade of Davao ranked high among the top three promenades in footings of handiness because of its propinquity to the downtown country where most pupils and professionals are populating. though the survey revealed that this lead is really slender. it is still a large factor for Gaisano promenade operators to carefully tap their best resources in pulling clients in order to keep its trueness. giving them a competitory border against NCCC and SM in pulling more shoppers. SM City clearly shows its best advantages against rivals because of implementing a good placement and selling scheme. it caters and answers the demands of shoppers why they want to travel to the promenade in the first topographic point. because most of the respondents can be categorized as immature grownups. professionals and fun-loving persons. their penchants are ever be on the amusement. convenience. elegant merchandises and good promenade atmosphere. These shoppers can be easy attracted with a promenade ambiance that is favourable to their lifestyle picks. This consequence of the most preferable promenade in Davao does non follow that most shoppers are monetary value witting. this lone tells that. particularly the immature respondents. most shoppers prefer an constitution that is extremely advanced. friendly. holding cool trade names of merchandises and offers a terrific environment for socialising with friends. Therefore. the recommendations presented is appropriate as immature shoppers are easy attracted to an environment which offers amusement. greater value of ware and fashionable comfortss. but the buying power of the shoppers should non be ignored as shoppers from category C and D are possible market. Promenade operators should besides equilibrate the elements mall atmosphere advanced merchandises and moderate pricing of the ware.

How to Make a Phosphate Buffer Solution

How to Make a Phosphate Buffer Solution The goal of a buffer solution is to help maintain a stable pH when a small amount of acid or base is introduced into a solution. A phosphate buffer solution is a handy buffer to have around, especially for biological applications. Because phosphoric acid has multiple dissociation constants, you can prepare phosphate buffers near any of the three pHs, which are at 2.15, 6.86, and 12.32. The buffer is most commonly prepared at pH 7 using monosodium phosphate and its conjugate base, disodium phosphate. Phosphate Buffer Materials Monosodium phosphateDisodium phosphateWaterPhosphoric acid to make the pH more acidic or sodium hydroxide to make the pH more alkalinepH meterGlasswareHot plate with stirring bar Prepare the Phosphate Buffer Decide on the concentration of the buffer. Most buffers are used at a concentration between 0.1 M and 10 M. If you make up a concentrated buffer solution, you can dilute it as needed.​Decide on the pH for your buffer. This pH should be within one pH unit from the pKa of the acid/conjugate base. So, you can prepare a buffer at pH 2 or pH 7, for example, but pH 9 would be pushing it.Use the Henderson-Hasselbach equation to calculate how much acid and base you need. You can simplify the calculation if you make 1 liter of buffer. Select the pKa value that is closest to the pH of your buffer. For example, if you want the pH of your buffer to be 7, then use the pKa of 6.9: pH pKa log ([Base]/[Acid])ratio of [Base]/[Acid] 1.096The molarity of the buffer is the sum of the molarities of the acid and conjugate base or the sum of [Acid] [Base]. For a 1 M buffer (selected to make the calculation easy), [Acid] [Base] 1.[Base] 1 - [Acid].Substitute this into the ratio and solve:[Base ] 0.523 moles/L.Now solve for [Acid]: [Base] 1 - [Acid], so [Acid] 0.477 moles/L. Prepare the solution by mixing 0.477 moles of monosodium phosphate and 0.523 moles of disodium phosphate in a little less than a liter of water.Check the pH using a pH meter and adjust the pH as necessary using phosphoric acid or sodium hydroxide.Once you have reached the desired pH, add water to bring the total volume of phosphoric acid buffer to 1 L.If you prepared this buffer as a stock solution, you can dilute it to make up buffers at other concentrations, such as 0.5 M or 0.1 M. Advantages and Disadvantages of Phosphate Buffers The two key advantages of phosphate buffers are that phosphate is highly soluble in water and that it has an extremely high buffering capacity. However, these may be offset by certain disadvantages in some situations. Phosphates inhibit enzymatic reactions.Phosphate precipitates in ethanol, so it cant be used in preparations to precipitate DNA or RNA.Phosphates sequester divalent cations (e.g., Ca2 and Mg2).

Reflexivity and self identity Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Reflexivity and self identity - Dissertation Example The main purpose of this study is to explore and apply Giddens’ theories on reflexivity and self identity in the case of non-native English speaking teachers who teaches the English language in Asian countries. To give the readers with better understanding about the chosen research topic, this report will first discuss the theory of Anthony Giddens with regards to reflexivity and self identity. Eventually, these theories will be applied in the case of non-native English speaking individuals who are currently teaching the English language in Asia. Social barriers of effective teaching include the ability of the teacher to teach proper English grammar among others. Based on the identified social barriers that could impede the professional progress of non-native English speaking teachers in Asian countries, a list of study recommendations based on Giddens’ theories will be tackled in details in order to give the readers a better idea on how non-native English speaking teac hers could improve the quality of teaching services given to students who are studying the English language. ... rely its persistence over time in such a way that philosophers could speak of ‘identity’ of objects or things but in contrast to the self as a generic phenomenon which presumes reflexive awareness†. In modern theory of sociology, sociologists believe that self identity will continue to improve and will remain â€Å"undamaged† (Calhoun, 2003, p. 118). Even though Descartes (1988, p. 115) acknowledges the link between the human body, the mind, and the soul, he clearly explained that he strongly believe in the idea that self is simply referring to the soul or the human mind alone but not the human body. With regards to the concept of self in relation to moral orientation, self is described as being â€Å"inwardness† in the sense that self is being compared or identified as an object close to God (Descartes & Locke, 2003, p. 514). Similar to Descartes’ idea, Locke also agree that the human body and soul are two separate things that are closely rela ted to one another. For this reason, Locke (1996, p. 124) considers human beings or self as â€Å"a substance that is capable of thinking†. With regards to the idea that self which is â€Å"perceived by the mind† is an external object that is a significant part of self identity (Descartes, Selected Philosophical Writings. Trans. John Cottingham, et al., 1988, p. 132), Locke’s idea on self was based on the theory as publicly introduced by Descartes. As part of modifying Descartes’ idea about self, Locke (1996, p. 49) categorized self as having two major qualities known as the human body as the object and the part of self which is indirectly a part of the object such as the ability of each individual to sense or perceive something. ‘ Descartes and Locke considers human beings as a something that is composed of machines

Feministic justice and revenge upon patriarchal misogynists Essay

Feministic justice and revenge upon patriarchal misogynists - Essay Example This essay demonstrates that in GDT and BQ acts of feministic revenge are conducted as a means of claiming justice and reclamation of power from patriarchal characters who have abused their position of power. Conversely, in EH justice is only found through the legal system. Also, in GDT and BQ the heroines escape/are free at the end of the films, this implies, either rightly or wrongly that their actions were justified in the eyes of their respective societies and cultures. In EH, however, two of the main characters are killed by males, one by a boy and justice was only served for Yeter’s death in Germany. The films all demonstrate recognition of patriarchal ills conducted against women in each of the societies, and the women’s rights to seek justice. They do this in different manners, however, according to the cultural norms of the films’ characters. In GDT the woman is equal in all ways and can seek a violent revenge for herself. In BQ she can be strong and vio lent but still requires the support of men; she is not entirely equal. In EH women only have equality in the eyes of the law.  This essay demonstrates that in GDT and BQ acts of feministic revenge are conducted as a means of claiming justice and reclamation of power from patriarchal characters who have abused their position of power. Conversely, in EH justice is only found through the legal system. Also, in GDT and BQ the heroines escape/are free at the end of the films, this implies, either rightly or wrongly that their actions were justified in the eyes of their respective societies and cultures. In EH, however, two of the main characters are killed by males, one by a boy and justice was only served for Yeter’s death in Germany. The films all demonstrate recognition of patriarchal ills conducted against women in each of the societies, and the women’s rights to seek justice. They do this in different manners, however, according to the cultural norms of the filmsâ₠¬â„¢ characters. In GDT the woman is equal in all ways and can seek a violent revenge for herself. In BQ she can be strong and violent but still requires the support of men; she is not entirely equal. In EH women only have equality in the eyes of the law.   The feministic themes of revenge in GDT and BQ do not, however, serve to progress any culture.   There is no message that violence is not an acceptable cultural practice in any of the respective countries and the means of justice portrayed in these two films is not a common one in the real world. The actions of the real-life â€Å"Bandit Queen† are an exception rather than the norm. Justice through legal action in EH is a more accurate portrayal. In spite of this, it is apparent that the cold murder and lack of justice for Lotte and the abilities of men to threaten and control Yeter show that Turkish cultural attitudes to gender equality remain far behind those of European societies. In a world of increasing gender equ ality, however, the portrayal of gender violence against men as opposed to women is merely a dramatized portrayal of gender equality.

Lenins View of Economic Policies in Russia Essay Example for Free

Lenins View of Economic Policies in Russia Essay Lenins view of economic polices in Russia between 1917 and 1923 was shaped by the factors of War Communism, and the New Economic Plan (NEP). Lenin realized that to have a successful economy and to keep the idea of equality in Communism there had to be a compromise; there needed to be a balance of state control and individual incentive for the economy to prosper. Through the failure of War Communism and the success of the economy and the drift away from Communism with the NEP; Lenin learned the dos and donts of a successful economy. Lenin described what the country needed to do to have a successful economy, he said, We have found that a degree of private commercial interest, with state supervision and control of that interest, is all we actually need (doc. 5). This shows how both War Communism and the NEP were factors that shaped Lenins compromising idea of what a economy needed to be successful. The War Communism policy was adopted to keep the Red Army supplied. During War Communism the government took control of industry, and told factories what to produce; and the government would take any grain that was produced by the farmers. The Cheka would steel the grain that the farmers produced, this made the farmers angry and they no longer had any incentive to grow crops because the crops would just be taken away from them. Also money became worthless, wages were paid in food or other goods, and many people bartered goods instead of using money. The situation for the farmers and the peasants got worse. By 1921 Russias economy was shattered. Industrial production had drastically decreased; and the cities were in chaos. Agriculture had been demolished. War Communism was put in affect to increase the productivity of both industrial goods and food, but the workers and farmers saw no point in putting in the effort if in the end it would be taken away from them. War Communism led to the destruction of the economy of Russia. Lenin finally admitted that War Communism was a mistake, he said, The small farmer needs a spur, and incentive that accords with his condition We are very much to blame for having gone to far; we overdid the nationalization of industry and trade, clamping down on the local exchange of commodities. Was that a mistake? It certainly was. (doc. 4) This quote is an example of how Lenin realized that he had made a mistake and this quote also shows that Lenin understands that the workers and farmers need an incentive to work; with an incentive the economy will grow. Lenins view of economic policies was greatly influenced by the failure of War Communism, and by the failure he was able to figure out another system that would revive Russias economy. Lenin realized that to have a successful economy the people have to have the incentive to work. Lenin also knew that if he did not improve the economic state of Russia that the Communists would not survive; War Communism took the safety net away from the Communists. Lenin had to act quickly to figure out another policy that would make the people want to work, and to revive the economy. In 1921 the NEP was created to fix the economy. Lenin created this new policy to try to burst the morale of the people and make them want to produce more grain or products. The transition form War Communism to the NEP was drastic, the people had to change there lives to fit this new, more capitalists society. Though the change to a more capitalist economy, the NEP was successful in jump starting the farming production, for example. Lenin says, Release of [surplus goods] into circulation would stimulate small farming, which is in terrible state (doc. 4) This is a great example of how Lenin realizes why he needs to change from the War Communism to the NEP, for a least one reason to increase the amount of grain produced. The creation of the NEP changed many laws that were once holding Russias economy back. Grain requisitioning was stopped. Grain was no longer taken from the peasants. Also traders could buy and sell goods, which was illegal during War Communism. Smaller factories were returned to their former owners; and they were allowed to sell the goods they made and make a profit from them. Finally larger industries like coal and steel remained under state control; but some larger factories were able to sell their products. These were some of the main differences between War Communism and NEP. During the NEP the economy prospered, because people were now allowed to keep some of the goods they made and then sell them for their own profit. This made the people want to produce more so they could have more for their family. Lenin described some of the good affects that the NEP had, he said, We have achieved much with our requisitioning system. Our food policy has made it possible in the second year to acquire three times as much grain as in the first. (doc. 2) Lenin was talking about the great increase in the production of grain, this great increase was directly related to the NEP; because the peasants could keep some of the grain they made which gave them an incentive to work hard. Communists were angry because they saw the country returning to capitalism. They did not like the fact that bosses of factories called kulacks could hire men to work for them. Also Communists disliked the Nepmen, because they made a high profit by buying goods cheaply and then selling them for more. Though the NEP revived the economy, people, especially peasants were unhappy with the new capitalist society. Lenins view of economic policies was changed through the NEP, he knew that people need the incentive to work, but he also knew he could not give the people to much economic freedom; the idea of balancing the policy of War Communism and NEP was Lenins final view of how to keep the people happy and to sustain a great economy.

Distance Learning and Black Board Essay -- essays papers

Distance Learning and Black Board Distance learning is when students take courses by using some form of communication other than face to face communication with an instructor. This type of learning has been used since as far back as the 1800’s when adults would learn handwriting by ordering lessons through the mail (Cosgrove 2002). The technology for distance learning has been progressing for some time now. Iowa State University started to offer courses through television in 1934 (Cosgrove 2002). These days we use the Internet for distance learning. Distance learning has recently become more popular and more advanced; there are now programs that can help professors organize their online classes. Online classes are a convenient and simple way to communicate to a class and even run an entire classroom without even stepping out of your office. In a study it was found that â€Å"nearly 50% of higher education institutions currently engage in sometype of online learning† (Educational p.1). A popular program that many schools and professors use is Blackboard. Matthew Pittinsky and Michael Chasen along with a student-faculty group from Cornell University developed Blackboard in 1997 (Our History p. 2). They wanted to â€Å"transform the Internet into a powerful environment for the educational experience† (Our History p.1). Blackboard now has over 500 clients who use their products (â€Å"Blackboard Timeline† p.5). If Blackboard has over 500 clients now, think about how well they will do when the technology develops more. Online classes are something that will continue to progress into the future. The Blackboard program is currently available for schools with grades K-12, Higher education, Corporate and Government businesses (Demonstrations and... ...tance Learning.† Retrieved December 1,2004. http://www.instudy.com/articles/saww6a03.htm Gottschalk, Tania H. March 5,2004. â€Å"Guide #1:Distance Education: An Overview†. Retrieved September 26,2004. http://uidaho.edu/eo/dist1.html. Shamber, Linda (1988). â€Å"Delivery Systems for Distance Education.† Eric Digest. Retrieved September 26, 2004, from Eric Digests (ED304111). Towson University. Retrieved October 3, 2004. http://wwwnew.towson.edu/facultyonline/TutorialsAndResources/. Towson Univeristy. Retrieved October 3, 2004. http://www.towson.edu/learnonline/faq.html. Towson University. Retrieved October 3,2004. http://wwwnew.towson.edu/facultyonline/tutorialsandresourses/helpsheets/ removingareasofbb/index. â€Å"Online Degrees, Online Degree Programs, and Online Universities.† Retrieved December 1,2004. http://www.online-degree-information.com/.

Twelve Angry Men Exposes the Weaknesses of the Jury System as Well as Its Strengths

Twelve Angry Men exposes the weaknesses of the jury system as well as its strengths – The Jurors within Twelve Angry Men portray individual aspects of a 1950s American culture, all with their own take on the American Jury system. The closed minded, sheep like attitudes of the Jurors illustrates the McCathic mentality of the public which directly reflects the weaknesses within the American Jury system. Though flawed in many aspects one juror displays the key strength in the American justice system when dealing with serious crimes, a unanimous vote must be accomplished through the consideration of reasonable doubt. The question remains throughout if Juror 8 had not been present would the verdict of been the same? Would reasonable doubt of been taken into consideration? And was the American justice system strong enough to uphold their value of innocent until proven guilty. Throughout the play there are many references to the judicial concept of â€Å"reasonable doubt†. This theme is a thread that runs its way through all the deliberations and eventually exposes the weakness of the whole system as well. Reasonable doubt can be a very difficult term to understand. If a jury has any reasonable doubt that the accused may not have committed the crime, then it must enter a not guilty verdict. Each person has their own opinion of the term reasonable doubt and therefore there is much contrast found across the jury room exposing the weak point in the American judicial system. None of the jurors believe they were cheating the accused out of a fair trial or had any initial doubt in their minds that he was guilty and yet as the case is further picked apart each juror finds a point of clarity in the unravelling of evidence and a better understanding of the term reasonable doubt. A juror’s individuality is a clear fault in the American jury system as the truth or the facts are never the same in the mind of another. With individuality also come strengths. If it had not been for juror 8# the accused would of surely of been found guilty, as the intellect of one courageous man slowly turned the verdict around. With a string of evidence that 8# slowly brings forward such as the replica murder weapon and the re-enactment of the neighbours shuffle to the front door to become an eye witness to the killers escape each juror sheds a different light on the events. After gaining the trust of one elder the others follow ‘it’s not easy to stand along’ and yet juror 8# shows the view of the minority in his refusal to be intimidated with the majorities McCathic method and the subtle backing of a wise old man, together shows the strength that one can have on the judicial system and the outcome of a very serious case. It is clearly evident the polarisation enforced within the judicial system as a result of naivety and ignorance of a typical jurors regarding legal concern exposing with it underlying weakness. In relation to the plays characters it is clear that personal bias is seeping into the grounds of which the case is built on creating instabilities regarding plausibility. Such opinions are depicted by juror 3 and his personal inclusion of his own son into the decision making process creating prejudice that all of â€Å"these kids† are of the same substance. If it was not for the brave actions of juror 8 in standing up and pointing out â€Å"he is not your son† then a verdict would have been reached based on the jurors own personal conflicts expressing with it an underlying weakness of the American jury system and community perspective. There are many individual aspects that add to the pros and cons of the 1950s American jury system. These are shown subtly through 12 angry men’s contrasting personalities and the process in which t they come to their decision.

The Team Leader Assembly Department

This evaluation will focus on the job of team leader assembler for the can manufacturing firm. The major components, tasks and responsibilities required for this position include: good manual dexterity, the ability to assemble components, the ability to stand for extended periods of time, ability to operate various plant equipment including conveyers and counting machines, good manual dexterity, attention to detail, ability to engage in repetitive motions. Independent judgment is required to inspect components and visual acuity is necessary to ensure that only the best quality products are passed through the assembly line. The team leader of the assembly unit is also responsible for coordinating communication and working relations with all team members. The team leader is also responsible for ensuring the safety of all members of the team, for tracking time cards, for ensuring that all team members are cross-trained in job functions and to ensure that productivity goals are met in a timely fashion. Basic job description includes assembling and performing all steps vital to product production in accordance with specifications for product design. This position can cultivate a sense of intrinsic motivation by allowing the team leader a certain level of autonomy while supervising the work functions of other responsibilities. Team leaders are also responsible for scheduling employees, addressing minor disputes among employees and for the quality of work produced by their team. For many the ability to lead and represent a unit of employees is in an of itself enough to encourage intrinsic motivation, depending on what factors motivate the individual team leader. The team leader position also offers more financial incentives than other positions, which contributes to motivating the employee in this role. Company wide rewards offered all employees include a comprehensive profit sharing plan that allows all employees to enjoy the rewards the company reaps when the company is doing well. This type of award however, many not prove as motivating for a team leader, as profit sharing awards generally appeal to higher ups in the company who have more capital to invest and are often afforded more profit sharing opportunities within the company (Greider, Logue & Yates, 2001). Management for example, often enjoys many of the benefits associated with profit sharing in the company. Real employee ownership may come in other forms including allowing employees to participate in important decision-making processes within the organization (Greider, Logue & Yates, 2001; Schneier & Shaw, 1995). Praise recognition does exist within the company, and is currently part of the performance review system. The current performance review system is provided employees once per annum to provide employees a critique of their performance during the year. The team leader clearly would receive much praise and encouragement for meeting the goals and expectations outlined by his or her supervisor and for ensuring that his or her team succeeds during the year. The performance appraisal system currently reflects the accomplishments and achievements of the individual team leader, rather than reflect on the accomplishments of the team unit however. This may provide some level of motivation for the team leader, but ultimately does not provide as comprehensive a review as might a group performance review that reflects on the achievements of the team. Such a review might provide the team leader with more insight into how their actions affect the success and ability of the team, and the team's contributions to the company as a whole. It might also serve to improve communication more among team members. Goals are used in the company for this position in many ways. The team leader meets with his or her supervisor during the annual performance review, at which time goals are set for the year. These may include for example, ensuring that all parts and products are assembled in a timely fashion, ensuring that all team members come to work on time and that absenteeism is limited, and ensuring that group communication is amply facilitated within the organization. The team leader also meets with team members once per month to discuss their team goals. This may include ensuring that all products assembled meet stringent quality guidelines or ensuring that zero defects are realized within the scope of products assembled by the team. Generally goals are used in the company as a motivator and as an educational tool, allowing each member of the organization to realize what the company's aims and objectives are for the year, and helping individual employees realize what their place is in relation to the company's goals and objectives. The goal system is relatively effective for this position, though it may benefit with some targeted changes. The job redesign for the position of team leader will entail a strategic job redesign and assessment that includes contributions from employees. Job redesign can serve as a useful tool for increasing a job's motivating potential â€Å"depending on the job categorizations† that result from job redesign (Kulik, 1989). For these job categorizations to be truly motivating and encourage greater intrinsic employee motivation they must encourage participation and feedback from the employee whose job is being redesigned. Much research including that presented by social information processing theorists suggests that employees' evaluation of their jobs motivating potential is influenced by multiple factors including clues provided by their social environment (Kulik, 1989). This suggests that an environment that supports a job as worthwhile and beneficial is more likely to encourage employees to remain motivated an interested. Thus a job redesign should consider factors that lead to social evaluation of the job, such as job title. In this case the designation â€Å"team leader† suggests that the job incumbent has some level of authority, lending itself to a certain amount of respect and authority, and likely serving to increase employees intrinsic motivation. Other motivating factors are based solely on job content. Hence it may be important to evaluate the job's content and determine whether additional responsibilities would add to motivation or decrease employee motivation. Thus the content and responsibilities of the team leader must also be assessed as part of this redesign. Schippmann (1999) suggests redesign that focuses on the concept of â€Å"strategic job modeling† a job redesign process that focuses more on people working in jobs and encourages employers to collect information about the people working in their jobs to help guide efforts â€Å"to select, build or modify the components of a human resources system to achieve an organizationally relevant outcome† (3). This theory suggests that more accurate information to help guide decisions regarding job redesign may be gathered when individuals working within a position are consulted about the job redesign process. Cronshaw (1999) along similar lings suggests that it is important to consult with employees as much as it is management to ensure that job redesign occurs in a functional manner and works to enhance employee motivation. One important component of job redesign in the manufacturing environment includes providing a performance measurement and rewards system that supports the use of teams (Schneier & Shaw, 1995). The current performance review system adopted by the company still works too diligently to review the individual performance of the team leader rather than address the collaborative efforts of the team. There is much to be said however of measuring the performance of teams (Frohman, 1995). For the position of team leader, the following recommendations are necessary to help promote intrinsic motivation and boost the productivity of the team leader and his or her underlings: (1) the performance review process for team leader must be modified to reflect the contributions not only of the team leader but also of the team (2) the job should include cross training for the team leader with assemblers but also supervisors and managers within the assembly department to promote greater knowledge sharing and understanding of how other job roles influence the assembly line (3) the team leader should be provided an opportunity to participate in a rewards based program that promotes bonuses for achieving goals established at the annual performance review (4) the team leader should be provided the opportunity to engage team members more fully and participate more in their performance review processes and (5) the team leaders job should be benchmarked with other team leader or supervisory positions within other companies to ensure that the job content matches similar job descriptions, titles and pay within other industries. Let's examine each of these components more thoroughly. First, it is vital in a team-oriented situation that the performance review process reflects not only the achievements and accomplishments of the person assessed, but also the rest of the team. This will encourage the team leader to actively engage team members and participate more fully in communication efforts, knowledge sharing and strategic planning at the team level. It also encourages the team leader to be more accountable for the actions of the team as a whole. If the team for example, performs poorly during the year despite good attendance and performance on the team leaders part, it is still important that the team's performance is reflected in the performance appraisal process so recommendations for improvement may be made. Second, team leaders should be provided the opportunity to learn more about the inner operations and workings of the company as a whole. The best way to facilitate this process is through cross training, allowing the team leader a birds eye view of what other supervisors and front line employees do in the organization, how their work affects the assembly line, and remind the team leader of the importance of interpersonal communication and knowledge sharing among all levels of the organization. The team leader should also be provided more rewards incentives for work well done. While a profit sharing program is beneficial to higher ups as discussed earlier, it provides little intrinsic motivation many times for front line employees (Frohman, 1995; Greider, Logue & Yates, 2001). A more appropriate rewards or incentives program may focus on providing the team leader with annual performance based bonuses. This can be achieved by establishing a set of goals or expectations that provide opportunities for bonuses when the team leader meets or exceeds expectations. Bonuses do not have to come in the way of financial compensation to be effective either (Cronshaw & Fine, 1999). The company may opt for example, to provide bonuses that include extra vacation days or paid time off to team leaders for meeting or exceeding their goal expectations. Presently the team leader provides a brief summary or dialogue as part of the review process for team members. The team leader may realize more motivation and have more desire to participate in performance reviews if afforded the opportunity to actually sit in on performance appraisals or reviews with team members. This will allow team members more feedback from their lead and help them realize the authority and status as well as the common interests the team leader has with them. Lastly, it is vital the job content of team leader matches that of other jobs in similar industries. At minimum annually the company should reevaluate the job content so that it accurately reflects similar jobs in the industry. On the same token it is important that the company elicit feedback from the incumbent so they can provide more detail regarding the job's functions and responsibilities, and so that the job can be modified to reflect actual responsibilities more fully (Cronshaw & Fine, 1999). This type of analysis will allow greater participation from the team leader in the redesign process and will therefore serve to increase motivation and enthusiasm for the job (Kulic, 1989; Frohman, 1995; Schippmann, 1999). This helps promote employee ownership in job functions and encourages more intrinsic motivation because the employee recognizes that they are an active participant in the job redesign process. It also helps stimulate interest in the job redesign process and ensures that the company is redesigning the job in a way that meets the employees as well as the company's needs, wants, goals and expectations.

Pablo piccaso essays

Pablo piccaso essays Pablo Picasso - what a name! Living proof that little people can grow to a colossus - Picasso - Full of energy, fun and play - I think he would like this pun, "He was rather short when he was alive and shrunk considerably after he died." We laugh at death in order not to cry. Very funny, yet undeniably serious, Picasso left us to ponder the worlds of comedy and tragedy in his work. A phenomenon, a genius, Picasso, leaving the world thousands upon thousands of original testimonials, recording his human experience: paintings, drawings, etchings, sculpture, design, ceramics, tapestries and prints. His production will exert its influence upon artists for thousands of years to come. Has there ever been another artist more controversial? Can't think of one. Like an atomic bomb, Picasso exploded upon the world - he once said that 'art had more power than an atomic bomb,' and he was right. The after shock of art goes on for a long time - 500 years is nothing for a good work of art - Leonardo da Vinci proved that, and he didn't come close to the production of Picasso. Â   The year 1900 was a turning point in the social history of mankind and Picasso slotted into that period very well. As a young man he was in the right place at the right time - Paris. When you think of all the changes that have taken place over the past one-hundred years, you soon realize what an enormous metamorphous that has taken place in human thinking. Directly or indirectly, Picasso had one of those creative minds responsible for changing the way millions of people think about this world. Â   His work was part of the necessary preparation needed to change our frame of mind, making the transition from Twentieth Century Man to Twenty First Century Man possible. That can't happen without gradual preparation requiring the common mindset between many individuals which eventually effects the whole. We grudgingly know that things change, but few are conscious enough to kno...

Overused LinkedIn Buzzwords of 2014 ... At Long Last!!

Overused LinkedIn Buzzwords of 2014 ... At Long Last!! The Power of  A  Single Word On Friday, I received two pieces of information that I would not normally put together into one blog, but they coincided too well to resist: 1. One of my clients, on the heels of an interview, wrote to me excitedly that the interviewer loved her resume- especially the word â€Å"unstoppable† in her summary section. The interviewer had never seen this word on a resume before. 2. LinkedIn came out with its list of Top Ten Global Buzzwords. Cautions LinkedIn: â€Å"Pledge to banish trite buzzwords [from your profile].† The article gives excellent advice on how to avoid using meaningless phrasing to describe yourself, as does my book, How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile. I encourage you to read the article- and my book- for the tips they offer! Here’s the list of 2014s overused LinkedIn buzzwords: 1. Motivated 2. Passionate 3. Creative 4. Driven 5. Extensive experience 6. Responsible 7. Strategic 8. Track record 9. Organizational 10. Expert Are You Unstoppable? You might notice that â€Å"unstoppable†- the word that so impressed my client’s interviewer- is not on the list of LinkedIn buzzwords. It’s no coincidence that the word caught the attention of someone who probably goes through hundreds of resumes every week. I’m not advocating that you use the word â€Å"unstoppable† in your resume or LinkedIn profile, unless it is the absolute best adjective to describe you. I dont want to be â€Å"responsible for† adding â€Å"unstoppable† to next year’s list! Rather, I want you to find some language that doesn’t include the above trite words and phrases used by multitudes of LinkedIn users. (I’m willing to bet these are the words showing up most often on resumes too.) I also want you to comb through your resume and LinkedIn profile to see how many overused buzzwords show up. Then ask yourself how you can say things differently so that you don’t sound like everyone else. How  to Stand Out on LinkedIn Here’s a hint: Whereas anyone can claim to be motivated or creative, or to have a track record, not everyone can claim that they stepped into a competitive [insert type of] market and drove an organization from #2 to #1 worldwide, or that they conducted a multi-media campaign that increased a customer base by 500K. Whatever your achievements, get to the details and stop using the same words everyone else is using to â€Å"try† to sound good. It’s not working! Instead, use LinkedIn best practices for each section of your profile, especially your headline, job titles, special sections, skills expertise, and recommendations. That’s how you’ll call positive attention to what you have to offer. On a personal note, I must admit I’m saddened to see the word Expert on the buzzwords list, given that the word is in the name of my company. But that is something I’ll have to live with.

Women give up many of their naturally granted values in fight for Research Paper

Women give up many of their naturally granted values in fight for gender equality, which is often mistaken for sameness - Research Paper Example ich include physical attractiveness/sexual selection theory and other social theories like exposure, familiarity, personality, dependability and intelligence. The purpose of this research paper is to identify which of the two approaches are more likely to be used by the two genders – male and female. To this end, the paper will be written on the basis of the thesis that men are more likely to be drawn to a romantic partner because of physical or sexual attractiveness whilst women are more likely to be drawn to a romantic partner on the basis of their personality, exposure and other social features and statuses. In testing the hypothesis to prove or disprove it, there are numerous theories and concepts that can be brought to the fore formulate and draw logical conclusions. The first question that comes to mind is why men often seek female partners who are younger than them? It is obvious that women are more beautiful and more attractive sexually when they are younger, than when they grow older. Therefore, it can be generalized with a degree of accuracy that men go for younger women because younger women are more beautiful and sexually more attractive. Charles Darwin’s sexual selection theory indicates that in most cases, men tend to desire younger and more attractive women as a symptom of their mid-life crisis (Darwin 17). On the other hand, the parental investment theory that is put forward by Robert Trivers states that men subconsciously seek traits that show signs of fertility and strong genetic features which can be found more clearly in younger and sexually attractive women than men (Trivers 3). This creates a kind of subconscious mental situation whereby men look for women with strong genes. However, women are more oriented to think in relation to a partner who has long-term abilities because they think within the context of raising a family. Hence, women look beyond just physical traits and sexual attractiveness. They look for a man who has the social

Bar Code Implants Instead of Social Security Numbers for Research Paper

Bar Code Implants Instead of Social Security Numbers for Identification - Research Paper Example VeriChip, a prototype of radio-frequency identification (RFID) nanochip, stores six lines of text and is slightly bigger in size compared to rice grain. This nanochip technology contains a few kilobytes of silicon memory and a tiny radio transmitter. Special scanners can easily pick up the device’s emission of approximately 125-kHz radio frequency signal (Scheeres). It is an implantable nanochip device (Grossman). Verichip is created and manufactured by Applied Digital Solutions. This company largely markets the nanochip in the United States. As a medical device, Verichip implanted into the patient’s body allows hospital workers to simply scan the body in an emergency situation to access their medical history (Scheeres). Aside from the medical use of the VeriChip, security is also part of the business plan. The method of operation to implant the nanochip or microchip into the body is fast and simple. It takes about seven seconds to perform the operation. Three things are only needed: an antiseptic swab, an injection, and a Band Aid (Grossman). Usually, doctors load a wide-bore needle with a microchip, and injected it under the left-arm skin. Using local anesthetic, the device is injected through a syringe. The microchip is immutable once injected (Scheeres). In fact, the chip is fully biocompatible. Medical Reason. If something unexpectedly happens to a cancer-survivor person, for instance, and nobody knows anything about his or her medical history, an ER doctor or any hospital worker will be able to scan and eventually access the patient’s entire medical information (Scheeres). The special scanner looks like a Palm handheld computer. Particularly, Jeffrey Jacobs experienced a serious car accident, upon arriving in the hospital, he was in no shape to tell his health background to the hospital workers. Nanochip technology implants could give voice to the patients when they don’t have one (qtd. in

Position Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Position - Essay Example Irrespective of the arguments that have been brought, it can be substantively argued that technology has enhanced the quality of life by making life easier and facilitating people in engaging with their daily activities efficiently and effectively. Technology and lifestyle are two inseparable aspects. People keep on changing their lifestyles based on the technologies that are being developed. Technologies have brought forth heightened levels of convenience and accessibility across all the dealings that people have on their daily basis (Cooper 1). On a normal day, a person wakes up to interact with technologies right from their bed, kitchen, road, to the workplace. A bundle of technology such as a smartphone has become a major accompaniment wherever and whenever; As a result of internet connectivity, an individual is able to access any information from any place. This has created a lifestyle where people are able to operate even from their homes. The implications are that people tend to become more independent and personal contacts become minimal. Though the lifestyle has constantly changed, the level of productivity has exponentially improved as a result of the convenience and ease of operationalization created by the use of t echnologies (Yu 217). The influence of technology is mainly for the general well-being of people. Many problems that confront people have found solutions in modern technologies. Technological products such as computers have ensured that life becomes easy, better, and quick. Communication from wherever part of the world has been transformed. In addition, transportation has been made easy and fast. A global view reveals that almost every facet of the human life has been influenced by technology mainly positively. As a result of these technologies, people’s social lives have been transformed significantly. On the positive note, it is possible to interlink

Representation Of Women In Hindi Cinema Film Studies Essay

Representation Of Women In Hindi Cinema Film Studies Essay Hindi cinema has always been a major point of reference for Indian culture and society. Not only has it shaped but also expressed the changing scenarios and contours of Indias cultural and societal sentiments to such an extent that no other preceding art form could ever achieve. Hindi cinema has influenced the way in which people perceive and deal with various aspects of their own lives. Cinema means different things for different people, for some it is the greatest and the most appreciated medium of entertainment, while for others it is just a medium that disseminates moving pictures. And then there are people who think that it is a medium that reflects the true mood and the changing scenario or rather reality of the society that produces it. Not only does it reflect, it also shapes and influences a society. One can say that cinema and society influence each other. Cinema, is a true reflection of the society and what we see in movies actually happens, otherwise where do these films get their inspiration from? Movies now portray live-in relationships, girlfriends and boyfriends, pre-marital sex, corruption, people following live and let live policy in life and family, liberal parents, colleges are depicted like dating parties and professors like friends. Of course one has to admit that it is all exaggerated and blown up, sometimes even in epic proportions, but the core idea, the crux, the central theme, comes from the society itself. Obviously those situations and reflections of life and society are exaggerated and blown up converting it all into a motion picture with elements of drama, suspense and comedy so as to attract spectators. The society and the world that we live in is changing and these changes are echoed in the cinema. Lets take the example of the humble and illiterate mother or ma depicted in the Hindi movies of 60s, through the 70s right till the 80. The ma was a female figure, an epitome of sacrifice and hard work, caring and bothered about nothing but her children. She burned the midnight oil to stitch clothes to afford two meals a day and to pay for the heros BA degree, has slowly got replaced with the modern, educated and sometimes even independent mom. The heroine who was normally a simple homely girl has now been replaced by a woman who is not only educated and bold but is also confident about her sexuality. The hero no longer falls in love with a innocent uneducated gaon-ki-gori. He has now been replaced by a simple boy next door with no palaces to live in, with human capabilities, flaws and aspirations. The result is that the audience can now easily relate with the lead characters of the film. But there is a different aspect, a different side to the coin, as well; cinema itself can herald or bring about changes in the society. It inspires fashion and crimes when people try to mimic what they see in movies, failing to realise that what they see on screen is an altered or modified version of reality that is made to look glamorous though instruments and technology and that life like cinema is not predictable. But, there are some movies that bring about positive changes as well like the recent change in the old policy followed by CBSE as a result the movie Tare Zameen Par (2007). CBSE now gives extra time to dyslexic students for their board exams. Similarly, public interest in hockey was renewed after the hit movie Chak De (2007). So it wouldnt be wrong to say that cinema isnt just a source of popular entertainment for families and individuals, but also a vehicle of social change, as it should be. Audiences like to see the familiar on screen. They like to see what they know, what they are aware of, what they believe and it is this reflection on screen that caters to the tastes and sensibilities of the masses. People derive joy, pleasure and amusement when they watch such films and therefore it is the audience that decides what goes into a film. Next it is the investor. The producer of a film would want to invest in something that would fetch him some returns on his investment and therefore they put their money in films that would make the audience happy and consequently bring in the greens for the investors. Unless a film caters to the mass audience, it will not be economically viable. The representation of women is often used as a selling point of the films. Audience likes to watch women on screen in various song and dance routines, in stereotypical images, in various costumes ( as discussed in chapter 2) and the reflection of women on screen change from time to time with changing trends in the continuously evolving society ( as discussed in chapter 3). It is true that the changing ideologies of a society have the power over what is depicted on screen and how it is depicted but another truth is the fact that the patriarchal undercurrents in our society are still the same. Women are still depicted in a way that caters to the male gaze. Women are still categorised and this has been achieved through song and dance sequences, through various forms of dress and through stereotypical images. All these factors help to compartmentalise women, turn them into a fetish leaving no room for the real woman to be depicted on screen. A cursory glance on the history on Hindi cinema and the changing trends of society and cinema leads one to believe that Bollywood has progressed over time in terms of depiction of women. Globalization and western culture has had a strong influence and a huge impact on the content films, the locations where they are shot and even the settings. But a closer examination of the films reveal that indeed there has been progress, but only in terms of technological devices that are used for special effects, locations as in they are more scenic, the films have begun to represent N.R.Is, the speech has westernised, the dresses have a modern influence and the entire aspect of film making and marketing has becoming more commercial and corporate like. It has truly become an Industry, a business. Women are still depicted or portrayed in the old moulds of feminity. Heroines are westernised, as is everything around them, but this has resulted in turning a woman into a commodity that needs to be made a spectacle of so that the film can sell well. The western influence and modernisation has led to more skin show in order to make the film commercially viable as it is now sold to Indian as well as western audiences. Mythology, religion, notions and ideas about family and tradition, cultural ethos, all of these strongly influence Bollywood and consequently the representation of women on screen. But one must understand that all these values that dictate the trends of Bollywood are ruled and dominated by the premise of patriarchy and therefore women are represented in a manner which is submissive to these values and therefore subject to control by men. The women are shown in subordinate roles, upholding traditional values. They represent the community and are seen as repository of community values. Women authenticate a national/cultural identity. The body of the woman is the carrier of cultural signs. Symbols of marriage like the mangalsutra, sindoor etc. are fetishized. Women are represented as prototypes, one dimensional characters as daughters, wives, daughter-in-law, courtesan, lover, widow. Such stereotypes have no personal traits, no substance in terms of character and temperament; they only exist in relation to men, to heroes on screen. They are there as foils to the male characters so as to highlight their characteristics. Feminity as it is outlined by the premise of patriarchy is more often than not adhered to in Indian films. However, through an analysis of new emerging trends in Bollywood cinema as well as the parallel cinema, it becomes clearly visible that some women break this mould. There are films that portray women in bold and strong characters and sometimes even as individuals but such films are not very successful commercially. And also the answer to the question whether women in Hindi cinema are constructed so as to attract male gaze remains yes because even in those films, the heroines who played the bold, strong and individual characters were good looking and attractive, they were used in various song and dance sequences and were objectified through the use of costumes and other cinematic tools. There have been attempts to emancipate women from the constraining stereotypical moulds through representation of strong women characters in powerful roles in mainstream cinema but they have been only partially successful because those films were made but they werent very successful. The art movies or parallel cinema as they call it, emerging in the 1970s, avoided objectifying women, and focussed on showcasing the prevalent oppression and exploitation of women in our society. But the overriding themes, ideologies and concepts of religion, culture and tradition have a very strong foothold when it comes to Hindi cinema and they entrap representation of women in fixed moulds of stereotypes strengthened by patriarchy. Events seldom catapult women characters of Indian cinema to a white-hot spotlight. They are dumped into the quagmires of tension-packed fireworks of the home-prison or the ambitious exploitations of healers and killers, lovers and betrayers. The women are shown as having no spheres of their own, no independent identity, no living space. They go down in collective memory as organic imperfections, ramshackle, rickety, unhinged creations, mere fictional constructs of the fragile handle with care male ego. Hindi films with excellent photography, picturesque locations, designer costumes and gorgeous heroines enthral and influence audiences in a manner which slowly and steadily transforms the way they think and perceive the world around them. The youth that forms a large chunk of the audience start aping what is shown in screen in terms of costumes, language, style and above all the norms and ideologies highlighted by the films. These ideologies prescribe that domestic bliss and societal recognition is achievable only through submission to the pre-established hierarchies. One of the dictates of such ideologies is that women should be submissive and subordinate to the males in family and in society in general. Films often show heroes pursuing the heroines not with poetry, as the idea of chivalry preaches, but with songs and sequences that manhandle the heroine, pestering her with antics like playing with her dupatta, pulling and pinching her cheeks, blocking her path, coming too close for comfort and sometimes even kissing her without her permission. The girl initially tries to get away from this brute but finally gives in to him and accepts his love. The marvel of marvels happens when she succumbs to such degrading antics and is won over by his charm. Is it any wonder that eve teasing is rampant in this country when films show women giving in to such demeaning and crude gestures used by the male in the film in order to court her? In case a girl is raped in a film, the girl is compelled to marry the perpetuator of such a deplorable and detestable act. The girl isnt even asked if she wants to spend the rest of her life with the man responsible for violating her physically and psychologically in such a horrendous manner and robbing her of her freedom. The woman becomes the property of the man who ruined her life. If she refuses to marry her rapist she is immediately alienated from the society and is deemed undeserving of anyones sympathy and support for she refused to marry the man who violated her and then was willing to provide for her as his wife. The perpetuator, the criminal here becomes noble and self-righteous for in the act of agreeing to marry the woman he raped hes redeemed himself. The victim, if she refuses to marry him, becomes ungrateful, perverted and promiscuous for she refused a mans offer of marriage, a man who as per the norm, could have shrugged off all responsibility towards her. Most Hindi films portray love stories between a rich boy and a poor girl or vice versa. The predictable and often repeated story line being that they meet, fall in love, encounter opposition from their respective families, communities and society and finally they get married after innumerable trials and tribulations. The rich boy who wants to marry below his station is considered noble, heroic, sacrificing and generous while a rich girl who wants to marry the poor boy is often portrayed as fashionable, independent, spoilt, pampered and bratty who desperately needs to be tamed and domesticated so as to bring her in line with what the society expects. In other words she needs to wear Indian dresses with bindi and bangles, should be able cook and serve to the family and finally should see her husband as her sole reason for existence. This she is transformed into by the poor boy who as reward gets the woman as a trophy in the end. The whole idea defies logic. Why would a rich and pampere d girl want to marry a poor boy for there are enough good men in the world with the same moneyed background? The underlying patriarchal assumption being that any man is good enough to marry a girl, rich or poor doesnt matter. A woman, in a film, who puts her aspirations, ambitions and career before family is considered ruthless and also at time unwomanly but if a man does the same he becomes noble and virtuous. If a woman does it she is to be condemned for her professional goals come in the way of serving the family and her husband but if a man does it he is doing so to provide for his family which is commendable. The double standards of the society and hypocrisy of the patriarchal ideologies promoted by films are more than evident but such films are accepted by the audiences and they go on to become hits. The same ideology and story is repeated film after film transforming the ideology into a norm that soon becomes a trend followed by the people. Wielding the camera is probably a more onerous responsibility than wielding the pen, as the visual medium is several times more powerful than the written one. Add to this the sway that tinsel towns charismatic heartthrobs have over the masses and the job of film makers as arbiters of taste and public opinion becomes that much more accountable. The ideology of patriarchy works through the concept of female morality setting territorial limits for the whole idea of feminine identity and exposing the hypocrisy of male attitude that ultimately seeks patriarchal domination of women. A females body remains central to the societys as well as her realization of self. Patriarchy, that asserts itself through marriage, adultery and rape, works through the female body. On the other hand a female who tries to resist patriarchy uses her body to express her freedom, desire and sexuality. Powerful woman characters and their impact is eclipsed by the manner in which she is depicted as stereotypes trapping a woman in roles that submit to the dictatorial conventions of our society in the process inhibiting the qualities of a woman as an individual at peace with herself and comfortable in the world of her personal aspirations and interests. This is because a girl child in the formative years of growing up is conditioned through the process of socialization where her freedom and liberty is cut down drastically. At a very young age she learns to submit to the whims and fancies of the patriarchal society. She gives in to the tyrannies of our society and forgets all about her own emotional, social and financial needs along with her individual aspirations. Women in our society are perceived and therefore represented as inferior beings. The realities of the patriarchal society and the standards set by it make the woman under confident and make her believe that the only form of security she can achieve is through obedience to the society that terrorizes her to begin with. This ideology perpetuated by the masculine world around her makes a woman consent to the unreasonable emotional, social and financial demands made upon her, all in the name of peace, happiness, order and security.

The Others :: essays research papers

The Other   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gananath Obeyesekere argues that â€Å"one cannot escape the politics, ethics, and quandaries of representation even as we try to describe the Other.† This argument has lead to a great debate between him and another anthropologist, Marshal Sahlins. Obeyesekere believes that even though we try to give an objective portrayal of another, we cannot help judging them by our own standards. Sahlins on the other hand, says that it is possible to describe other people in an objective way, as long as you have evidence. These anthropologist’s arguments were focused around the apotheosis of Captain Cook. The major debate between the two resides in the idea of representation, and an outsider’s ability to understand another culture. This debate on the concept of representation can be applied to the movie, My Son the Fanatic, in which two cultures are represented- Western and Muslim.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the movie My Son the Fanatic, we see two cultures being represented. The first is that of a Western Capitalist, racist- acted out by the character, Schitz, who was a German businessman. The other culture was that of violent, Muslim fundamentalists- acted out by Farid, the son of Parvez. This movie was written by Hanif Kureishi who was the son of a Pakistani father and an English mother. Because Hanif was a Pakistani, it is expected that he would be able to objectively portray the Muslims in the movie. I think that he did a good job at doing so. He showed that some of the Muslims were violent fundamentalists such as Farid, and he also showed examples of Muslims that were not so extreme such as Parvez. Farid led violent riots to destroy the prostitutes, burned down their house and attacked Bettina, a prostitute that was also Parvez’ friend. If this was the only type of Muslim portrayed throughout the movie, it would have been a stereotypical film; however, Hanif also showed that there were Muslims such as Parvez that were not violent fundamentalists- Parvez even befriended a prostitute.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Unlike his un-bias representation of Muslims, Hanif lacked objectivity in the representation of the Western culture within the film. This culture had only one character that was portrayed as being evil; it seemed very stereotypical on this behalf. The character of Schitz was portrayed as a Western Capitalistic, racist. Schitz was personified as being very selfish, only thinking about his on pleasures and money. The idea of Westerners being all about money is a major stereotype.

Reading response on education and communication Essay

                 In education settings, communication is an important role in affecting the fates of students, especially in a multi-ethnic and multi-cultural setting. Analyzing and improving these communications in schools that comprise of an ethnically diverse student body as well as improving the communications is in the best interest of shaping the academic future and sealing the academic fate for these students. This is because these communications, as in negative perceptions and stereotypes, may negatively affect the performance. Therefore, designing a communication system that supports equity as well as enhancing the full human talent development of all students and all groups of students, is important. Discussion                     In matters of diversity and equity, communication is face real-time dilemmas. These issues are such as direct quotes made by people, which in essence are mere stereotypes. In most cases, people make direct assumptions and claims about a certain culture and its orientation on education (Pollock, 37). Some people will claim that Asian parents take education seriously, and cheer on their children, and that is the reason Asian students are likely to perform excellently. In the same cultural stereotype, it is argued that black and Latino parents are not so concerned with matters of education, hence their children do not do well in school.                  Getting to analyze these claims is an important factor to changing communications into positive communication that supports equity. The key strategy is analyzing the nouns, which are the subjects of the stereotypes and overstatements. An understanding of the groups under criticism is important (Darder, 250). This is through asking the critics to analyze the subjects. This encourages attacking the script and not the speakers. Since these claims often misstate average patterns, it is important, to for example look at the struggling lives of Asian in America as a factor before judging their perception on education. Conclusion                        Most importantly, a critical analysis on the cultures is key to understanding their behaviors, and this will assist even teachers and student equally in adopting communications modes that promote unity, as well as enhance an equal opportunity for the nurturing and development of human talent. References Darder, Antonia. Culture and Difference: Critical Perspectives on the Bicultural Experience in the United States. Westport, Conn: Bergin & Garvey, 1995. Print. Pollock, Mica. Everyday Antiracism: Getting Real About Race in School. New York: New Press, 2008. Internet resource. Source document

Is Human Population Growth A Problem Environmental Sciences Essay

The universe population refers to the entire figure of life worlds on Earth at a given clip. For the past 10, 000 old ages, the universe has been sing a rapid addition in human population. Harmonizing to the most recent U.N. statistics, population has grown from several 1000000s back in the B.C. to over 6.6 billion in the twenty-first century. Even though the growing rate is bit by bit decelerating, the U.N. population Division still expect the world-wide population to really much hit 9.1 billion by 2050. With most of the addition in Asia and Africa, in peculiar, the poorer states that have no entree to proper family-planning programmes.Why wage attending to the lifting human population?We have all known for long that the human population is no uncertainty the main subscriber to environmental sufferings. However, what small know of is that the human population is merely one of the several factors that affect the environment. The extent to which population addition can be considered a job is still reliant on other factors. One widely used expression that could assist us understand what factors could really interplayed to do that important impact, would be the IPAT theoretical account that John Holdren from Harvard University came up with. This theoretical account represents how the entire impact on the enviroment consequences from the interaction among population, richness and technoloy. An Increased population intensifies impact on the environment as more persons take up infinite, usage resources, and generate waste. As the population gets older it gets more flush excessively, thereby demanding higher life criterions to fulfill their ‘wants ‘ . To run into the homo ‘s instatiable ‘wants ‘ , better engineering would hold to be developed to better mine fossil fuels, clear old-growth woods, or fish. Assuming that everybody has to be fed, clothed, housed and hopefully supported by paid employment. An increased population would really intend the intensification of the impact that the human population has on the Ecosystem. Hence, the job is non merely that the population is burgeoning. It is besides that the use of the resources, and environmental amendss are besides increasing at a phenomenol velocity.Impacts and EffectssAll of us would hold known by now that a lifting planetary population have devasting impacts on the Earth. It non merely erodes the life criterions of the universe population, consequences in poorness in already hapless states, affect a state ‘s economic system, but most significantly has a negative impact on the Ecosystem. We will in the undermentioned paragraphs, expression in deepness the assorted effects it has on the Earth. There are many environmental jobs associated with it, nevertheless, we will merely look into the chief and the most serious menaces that are being posed by it. They are viz. , urbanization, deforestation, nutrient security, H2O, energy, clime alteration and biodiversity. ( alter some of them )UrbanizationUrbanization is being defined as the physical growing of urban countries as a consequence of planetary alteration. Furthermore, It can besides be interpreted as the motion of people from rural to urban countries with population growing comparing to urban migration. The United Nations ‘ undertaking suggested that 60 % of the universe ‘s population would populate in urban countries at the terminal of 2030. Sing the limited resources of an urban metropolis, an increased in the population residing at that place would take to more nutrient, more land, more energy, and more H2O being needed to better suit to them. And when that happened, jobs like nutrient security, H2O scarceness, land deficit, and energy deficit will necessitate to be answered.DeforestationTo work out these issues states have come up with assorted manner like land reclaimation, †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.However, many states have been sing the uncluttering up forest to do manner for the enlargement of their metropoliss as the most convenient and congst-effective manner. As they cant afford the cost of land reclaimation And this procedure of glade of of course happening woods by logging and combustion is being known as deforestaton. The expanded district were normally used to turn more harvests, raise more animate beings, every bit good as The lone manner to ease these ballooning demands, is to take between the nature and homo. Eithe r the nature or homo has to give manner, which, in many case, the nature does. Food deficit Water scarceness The lone manner to ease these ballooning demands, is to take between the nature and homo. Either the nature or homo has to give manner, which, in many case, the nature does. ( add in facts form research ) All of the jobs were attributed to the deficiency of land, people started killing woodCausesUrbanization occurs of course from single and corporate attempts to cut down clip and disbursal in transposing and transit while bettering chances for occupations, instruction, lodging, and transit. Populating in metropoliss licenses persons and households to take advantage of the chances of propinquity, diverseness, and market place competition.Peoples move into metropoliss to seek economic chances. In rural countries, frequently on little household farms, it is hard to better one ‘s criterion of life beyond basic nutriment. Farm life is dependent on unpredictable environmental conditions, and in times of drouth, inundation or plague, survival becomes highly debatable.Cities, in contrast, are known to be topographic points where money, services and wealth are centralized. Cities are where lucks are made and where societal mobility is possible. Businesss, which generate occupations and c apital, are normally located in urban countries. Whether the beginning is trade or touristry, it is besides through the metropoliss that foreign money flows into a state. It is easy to see why person life on a farm might wish to take their opportunity traveling to the metropolis and seeking to do adequate money to direct back place to their fighting household.There are better basic services every bit good as other specializer services that are n't found in rural countries. There are more occupation chances and a greater assortment of occupations. Health is another major factor. Peoples, particularly the aged are frequently forced to travel to metropoliss where there are physicians and infirmaries that can provide for their wellness demands. Other factors include a greater assortment of amusement ( eating houses, film theatres, subject Parkss, etc ) and a better quality of instruction, viz. universities. Due to their high populations, urban countries can besides hold much more divers e societal communities leting others to happen people like them when they might non be able to in rural countries.These conditions are heightened during times of alteration from a pre-industrial society to an industrial 1. It is at this clip that many new commercial endeavors are made possible, therefore making new occupations in metropoliss. It is besides a consequence of industrialisation that farms go more mechanised, seting many laborers out of work. This is presently happening fastest in India.Environmental effectsThe urban heat island has become a turning concern and is increasing over the old ages. The urban heat island is formed when industrial and urban countries are developed and heat becomes more abundant. In rural countries, a big portion of the entrance solar energy is used to vaporize H2O from flora and dirt. In metropoliss, where less flora and exposed dirt exists, the bulk of the Sun ‘s energy is absorbed by urban constructions and asphalt. Hence, during warm d aytime hours, less evaporative chilling in metropoliss allows surface temperatures to lift higher than in rural countries. Additional metropolis heat is given off by vehicles and mills, every bit good as by industrial and domestic warming and chilling units. [ 13 ] This consequence causes the metropolis to go 2 to 10o F ( 1 to 6o C ) warmer than environing landscapes. [ 14 ] . Impacts besides include cut downing dirt wet and intensification of C dioxide emanations. [ 15 ]In his book Whole Earth Discipline, Stewart Brand argues that the effects of urbanisation are on the overall positive for the environment. First, the birth rate of new urban inhabitants falls instantly to replacement rate, and keeps falling. This can forestall overpopulation in the hereafter. Second, it puts a halt to destructive subsistence farming techniques, like cut and burn agribusiness. Finally, it minimizes land usage by worlds, go forthing more for nature. [ 12 ]Food securityWill at that place be plenty nutr ient to travel around? In 64 of 105 developing states studied by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization, the population has been turning faster than nutrient supplies. Population force per unit areas have degraded some 2 billion hectares of cultivable land – an country the size of Canada and the U.S. Massive population growing, lifting incomes and turning ingestion of meat are driving the demand for nutrient. Food production has increased well over the past century sustained by increasing outputs due to irrigation, fertilizer usage and enlargement into new lands. But there has been small consideration of nutrient energy efficiency or the ability to understate the loss of energy from nutrient during the harvest home, processing, devouring and recycling phases ( UNEP, 2009 ) . Over the past 10 old ages, nevertheless, the production of cereals has stabilised and the constitution of piscaries declined, due to miss of investing. This is despite the demand for an estimated 50 per centum addition in current nutrient production degrees by 2013 to maintain up with demand ( Millennium Project, 2008a ) . The effects of population growing, clime alteration, land debasement, harvest and cropland losingss to non-food production, H2O scarceness, desertification, resource-depleting subsistence schemes and urban enlargement agencies nutrient production could be every bit much as 25 per centum less than demand by 2050 ( UNEP, 2009 ) . Subsequently, universe nutrient monetary values, which late reached crisis degree, are expected to increase by a farther 30 to 50 per centum. Agribusiness histories for 70 per centum of human usage of fresh H2O. However, less than half of the universe ‘s land is suited for irrigation and the sum of irrigated land country is falling because of dirt eroding, salination, acidification, and alimentary depletion. By 2020, 30 per centum of cultivable land may be salinated and every bit much as 50 per centum by 2050 ( Foresight, 2009a ) . Genetic and scientific alteration of nutrient is likely to be necessary, for human and carnal ingestion, and for biofuel production ( DCDC, 2007 ) . New agricultural methods such as better rain-fed agribusiness and irrigation direction, familial technology for higher-yielding harvests, and preciseness agribusiness and aquaculture should be considered. To cut down the strain on fresh water agribusiness and set down the viability of saltwater agribusiness on coastlines should besides be assessed ( Millennium Project, 2008a ) . WaterWaterWater is progressively scarce. If current tendencies continue, 90 per centum of fresh water supplies will vanish by 2030 ( OECD, 2003 ) . Already, 700 million people face H2O scarceness. By 2025, this figure could turn to 3 billion, with two-thirds of the universe ‘s population confronting water-shortages ( Millennium Project, 2008a ; OECD, 2003 ) . EnergyEnergyWorld energy demands could duplicate in 20 old ages. Oil demand is projected to turn about 40 per centum from 2006 to 2030 ( Millennium Project, 2008a ) .BiodiversityChanges in land-use are impacting biodiversity. Activities include run outing wetlands, uncluttering woods and substructure enlargement ( OECD, 2003 ; Millennium Project, 2008b ) . Climate alteration is besides holding an consequence. The loss of biodiversity and renewable natural resources reduces stableness and resiliency, and leads to atomization, species loss, and the loss of ecosystem quality. All are critical for economic growing and human wellbeing.Climate ChangeGreenhouse gas emanations are expected to turn by 52 per centum by 2050 ( Millennium Project, 2008a ) . Progressive clime alteration will cut down land for habitation, as some parts experience desertification and others lasting implosion therapy from lifting sea degrees ( DCDC, 2007 ) . Regional conditions forms will be capable to alter, with i ncreased frequence and strength of utmost conditions events, such as heat moving ridges, drouths, storms and inundations ( OECD, 2003 ; Millennium Project, 2008b ) . These alterations will impact projected nutrient production as some parts will be unable to turn current nutrient basics. Furthermore, fish stocks will decrease or migrate ; and there will be increased force per unit area on H2O supplies and associated industries ( DCDC, 2007 ) .In the past decennary in every environmental sector, conditions have either failed to better, or they are declining:Public wellness:Dirty H2O, along with hapless sanitation, kills over 12 million people each twelvemonth, most in developing states. Air pollution putting to deaths about 3 million more. Heavy metals and other contaminations besides cause widespread wellness jobs.Sum of land lost to farming by debasement peers 2/3 of North America.Food supply:Will at that place be plenty nutrient to travel around? In 64 of 105 developing states studied by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization, the population has been turning faster than nutrient supplies. Population force per unit areas have degraded some 2 bi llion hectares of cultivable land – an country the size of Canada and the U.S.Fresh water:The supply of fresh water is finite, but demand is surging as population grows and usage per capita rises. By 2025, when universe population is projected to be 8 billion, 48 states incorporating 3 billion people will confront deficits.Coastlines and oceans:One-half of all coastal ecosystems are pressured by high population densenesss and urban development. A tide of pollution is lifting in the universe ‘s seas. Ocean piscaries are being overexploited, and fish gimmicks are down.The demand for forest merchandises exceeds sustainable ingestion by 25 % .Forests:About half of the universe ‘s original wood screen has been lost, and each twelvemonth another 16 million hectares are cut, bulldozed, or burned. Forests provide over US $ 400 billion to the universe economic system yearly and are critical to keeping healthy ecosystems. Yet, current demand for forest merchandises may tran scend the bound of sustainable ingestion by 25 % .2/3 of the universe ‘s species are in diminution.Biodiversity:The Earth ‘s biological diverseness is important to the continued verve of agribusiness and medicate – and possibly even to life on Earth itself. Yet human activities are forcing many 1000s of works and carnal species into extinction. Two of every three species is estimated to be in diminution.Global clime alteration:The Earth ‘s surface is warming due to greenhouse gas emanations, mostly from firing fossil fuels. If the planetary temperature rises as projected, sea degrees would lift by several metres, doing widespread implosion therapy. Global heating besides could do drouths and disrupt agribusiness.